Knowledge and know-how:
Advanced knowledge: of the developments in the History of Civilisations (from the ancient- to the contemporary age), of the institutions, of the sources for historical knowledge and reconstruction, of the historiographical and heuristic tools.
Ability to apply knowledge and know-how:
Advances skills in understanding those historical dynamics that ground the phenomena, the processes and the structures of our contemporary world; mastering of the critical tools for interpreting the sources; critical knowledge of the different orientations in historiography; understanding and knowledge of the basic historico-institutional facts and capacity of critical evaluation of past and actual interpretations.