The Romans and their historiography; historical documentation and reconstruction; epigraphic documents; new directions in Archaeological research. Italic origins; the Etruscans; the origins of Rome; the conquest of Italy; Roman Expansion in the Mediterranean; the age of revolution. Augustus and the imperial solution; the Flavian and Antonine dynasties; the military empire: the Severans and the anarchy of the III century. The decline and recovery of the Empire; the trnasformation of the ancient world. The Roman Provinces. Institutional aspects of Roman history. The history of Roman Sardinia.