Knowledge of the origins of the romance languages (Portuguese, Spanish, Catalan, Occitan, Franco-
Provencal, French, Sardinian, Italian, Rumanian) when they separate from Latin and of an old French text (the Marie de France's Lai de Guigemar).
Students could also participate to a laboratory on the printed XVth century text titled La mer des histoires, where will be provided some practical notions on palaeography, codicology, textual criticism and linguistics, with particular attention to the relation between written text and images.