1. Risk factors and overall cardiovascular risk
a. What is meant by risk factor
b. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors
c. What is meant by overall cardiovascular risk
d. How to evaluate the overall cardiovascular risk
2. Arterial hypertension
a. Definition and classification of hypertension
b. Principles of the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension
c. Target organs and organ damage from hypertension
d. Role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension
3. Ischemic heart disease
a. Definition and classification
b. Physiopathological mechanisms of stable, unstable angina and infarct
c. Clinical manifestations of stable, unstable angina and myocardial infarction
d. Role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease
4. Valvulopathies
a. Definition and classification
b. Pathophysiological mechanisms related to the main valve diseases
c. Clinical pictures (mitral insufficiency, mitral stenosis, aortic insufficiency, aortic stenosis)
5. Chronic heart failure
a. Definition and classification
b. Causes of heart failure
c. Pathophysiology of heart failure: hemodynamic and neurohormonal mechanisms
d. Clinical manifestations of heart failure
e. Role of physical activity in the management of chronic heart failure
6. Syncope
a. Definition and classification
b. Pathophysiological mechanisms
c. Clinical pictures
d. Syncope and physical activity (pre-and post-exertion syncope)
