BIOLOGY

Introduction
Biological macromolecules: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic organization
Cell function and organization:
Cell membranes,
cells and organelles
Cytoskeleton and cell motility
Chromatin and chromosomes
DNA replication
Transcription and the Genetic Code
RNA Processing
Translation and Protein Sorting
Regulation of Gene Expression
Cell cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis
Stem cells and regenerative medicine

GENETICS

Genes in pedigrees and populations
Genes and alleles nomenclature; models of monogenic and multifactorial inheritance; mendelian pedigree patterns; complications to the basic mendelian patterns; genetics of multifactorial characters; factors affecting gene frequencies

Principles of DNA cloning
DNA cloning and PCR; principles of nucleic acid hybridization; DNA sequencing

Organization of the human genome
General organization of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes; protein coding genes; RNA genes; highly repetitive DNA

Model organisms, comparative genomis and evolution

Gene expression
Promoter and primary transcript; Epigenetics: histon modifications and DNA methylation; epigenetic memory and imprinting; alternative splicing; translational control

Bioinformatic approaches in the post-genomic era
Study of gene function; bioinformatic approaches; Proteomics, protein-protein and protein-Dna interactions

Human genetic variability and its consequences
Types of variation between genomes; DNA damage and repair; pathogenic DNA variants; molecular pathology; genotype – phenotype correlations; genetic mapping of mendelian characters; mapping genes conferring susceptibility to complex diseases

Cancer genetics

Chromosomal abnormalities

PSICOLOGY

The nature of psychology
The historical origins of psychology
Modern orientations of psychology

The biological basis of psychology: the brain and behaviour:
Neurons and structures of the nervous system
The organization of the central nervous system;
Brain asymmetries
The autonomic nervous system
The neuroendocrine system and the response to stress

Emotions.
The components of emotion
Cognitive assessment and emotion
Subjective experience and emotion
Trend towards thought and action
Positive emotions
Body modifications and emotions
Facial expression and emotion
Emotional regulation

Personality.
Evaluation of the personality
Psychoanalytical approach
Behavioural approach
Cognitive approach
Evolutionary approach

The psychology of the deep: Freud and the mechanisms of defense from anxiety.
The topographic model of the mind;
The Es, the Ego and the Superego;
Transference and countertransference;
The interpretation of dreams;
The mechanisms of defense against anxiety:
Removal;
Cancellation;
Projection;
Introjection;
Regression;
Reactive training;
Intellectualisation;
Rationalization;
Displacement;
Symbolisation;
Moving to action;
Sublimation;
Asceticism;
Idealization;

The psychological development of the individual:
Early childhood;
Preschool age;
Childhood;
Adolescence;
Adulthood;
Ageing.
Death.