ANATOMY B

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Academic Year of enrolment:

2020/2021

Optional/Mandatory:

Compulsory

Degree:

5-year Single Cycle Master's Degree Programme in VETERINARY MEDICINE

Language:

Italian

Moduls:

ANATOMY 2

5 credits
ANATOMY 3

3 credits
TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY

3 credits
ANATOMY 4

3 credits

Credits:

Programme Year:

Hours of classroom activity:

126

Prerequisites:

The exam of Anatomy A is preliminary to Anatomy B.

AF code:

40001284

Assessment Methods

Verification of learning:

The learning of the four units (Anatomy 2, Anatomy 3, Anatomy 4 and Topographical anatomy) will be assessed remotely through the Microsoft Teams platform. The recognition of some histological preparations will be evaluated online through the same platform.

Teaching period

Second semester

Objectives

Aim of the course is to provide the students with the knowledge of the various systems of domestic animals with particular attention to the main differences among species and the morphological features of clinical interest. In details:
i) The unit Anatomy 2 will focus on the study of the macro- and microscopical features of the digestive and endocrine systems, sensory organs and nervous system.
ii) The unit Anatomy 3 will focus on the study of the macro- and microscopical features the integumentary, urinary and genital systems.
iii) The unit Anatomy 4 will focus on the study of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, starting from the knowledge of individual organs in order to have an overview of these apparatuses.
iv) The unit of topographical Anatomy will take in account the position of organs in the body by highlighting anatomic features useful in veterinary clinics. The stratigraphic method will be used to describe superficial regions and the projection method for the main visceral organs. Throughout the course great importance will be given to the description of the macro- and microscopic features of the examined structures. In addition, the main interspecific differences, that may have practical implications, will be examined.
Day 1 competences (1.10).
Use of the professional skills to contribute to the advancement of veterinary knowledge in order to improve the quality of animal care and veterinary public health.

Contents

Anatomy 2.
- Digestive System:
Mouth
Major salivary glands: parotid, mandibular, sublingual;
Pharynx;
Esophagus;
Stomach (and forestomachs);
Intestine;
Liver;
Pancreas.
-Endocrine glands.
- Sensory organs:
Eye-ball and its annexes
Ear
Taste buds, olfactory mucosa.
Nervous System:
Central nervous system: spinal cord and brain; central nerve tracts. Encephalic and spinal meninges. Peripheral nerve system: cranial and spinal nerves. Autonomous nerve system: orthosympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Anatomy 3.
Macro-microscopic features of the following apparatus: - Integumentary system and mammary gland;
- Urinary system (kidneys, urinary tract and bladder);
- Female reproductive system (ovary, oviduct, uterus, vagina);
- Male reproductive system (entice testicular, testis, epididymis, vas deferens, the male genital glands, penis)

Anatomy 4. Macro- and microscopic features of the following apparatus:

- The respiratory system: definition and general organization. Air ways: general characteristics and structure. Nostrils, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree. Lungs: form, general characteristics, location and structure. Main interspecific differences in respiratory organs.

- The cardiovascular system. Heart shape, general characteristics, location, structure and main interspecific differences. arterial and venous vessels: general organization of the circulation, the structure and behavior of the vessels. Main arterial and venous vessels of the body. The lymphatic system: general organization. The primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, bloodlymphnodes, tonsils. Lymphatic vessels.

Topographical anatomy.
Subdivision of the body into large portions through imaginary lines and planes. Stratigraphic method and projections. Common and specific characteristics of the superficial regions. Topography of the viscera with main species differences. Projection of the heart into the cardiac area, of the lungs using Vogel's lines, of the liver, stomach, spleen, intestine, kidneys, bladder, uterus and gonads. Abdominal topography changes during pregnancy. Ideal sites for subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injections. Stratigraphy in the various abdominal laparotomies.

Recommended Bibliography

Please, contact the Teachers for texts in foreign language

Teaching Methods

Both lectures and practices will be given synchronously through the Teams platform. Presentations in Power point format will be used which will describe the main macro- and microscopic characteristics of the main systems indicated in the program. To better understand the topographical aspects, chalk animal models will be also used.

The learning of the four units of the course (Anatomia 2, Anatomia 3, Anatomia 4 and Topographical Anatomy) will be evaluated online through the Microsoft Teams platform. The recognition of some histological preparations will be evaluated online through the same platform.
The final goal of the course is to provide the student with the means to be able to recognize the anatomical characteristics of the various systems of Mammals of veterinary interest. Furthermore, another objective will be to create transversal skills with other related subjects, for example Pathological Anatomy.

1) KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. The student should first recognize the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the various systems of Mammals of veterinary interest.
2) ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING. The student should recognize each individual organ within the various systems. Furthermore, the study of the microscopic characteristics of the various organs will serve for the understanding and study of pathological structures.
3) CRITICAL AND JUDGMENT SKILLS. At the end of the course, the student will have acquired critical skills that allow him to successfully carry out links between the various units.
4) ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE WHAT IS LEARNED. The aim of the course is to provide the student with a good expository ability and a correct scientific language. This will allow the student to begin to express themselves according to a suitable terminology especially in view of the study of professional and clinical subjects.
5) ABILITY TO CONTINUE THE STUDY IN AN AUTONOMOUS WAY. Once the skills concerning the study of the morphological characteristics of the various systems have been acquired, the student will be able to continue independently in the study of the other subjects. Indeed, he will have developed a critical sense but above all a correct terminology that will also serve him to interpret the notions of professionalizing subjects.

Contacts/More Information

The slides and the other materials used for lectures are available to the students on the online evet platform.

ANATOMY B

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ANATOMY B