General Zootechnics
Animal species of zootechnical interest: bovine, ovine, caprine, equine, swine, feline and canine breeds. Classification of genetic breeds-types by productive orientation within species. Production traits for meat and milk. Biotechnologies related to the improvement of reproduction in animals of zootechnical interest: synchronization, extra-ovulation, embryo transfer, Ovum Pick Up, In Vitro Fertilization, embryo and spermatozoa sexing.
Genetic Improvement
Elements of genetics. Genetic polymorphism. Allele and genotype frequencies. Relationship test. Interaction between genes. Mutations in farmed animals. Genotype / phenotype. Genotype-environment interaction. Qualitative and quantitative traits. Heterosis. Character inheritance. Maternal effect and cytoplasmic inheritance. Variability of quantitative traits; environmental variability and genetic variability. Genes involved in external characteristics: coat colour, coat pattern, etc. Genetic progress and genetic abuse, consequences of excessive selective pressure and genetic isolation, identification of problems and strategies to reduce the incidence of genetic diseases. Selection methods. Studbooks. Functional checks. Genetic evidence. Genetic Indices. Selective plans within species, by attitude. Morphological and genetic evaluation of breeding candidates.
Practise:
Morphological and functional evaluation, recognition of breed and productive attitude in livestock and pets (species treated: cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, dogs and cats). At the first entry into the paddock, issues related to the correct approach to the animal are addressed, which are essential to ensure a correct relationship and to achieve sufficient safety for student’s movement, avoiding animal’s distress and situations of potential danger for the safety of both the figures (man / animal). DOC acquired: Handle and restrain animal patient safely and with respect of the animal, and instruct others in helping the veterinarian perform this technique (1.16).
Molecular biology applied to genetic improvement: laboratory techniques for the isolation and amplification of genomic fragments and genotyping. At the first entry into the laboratory, issues relating to biosafety are addressed, showing the unique path to follow within a Molecular Biology laboratory and how behave in the different rooms devoted to the different activities. DOC acquired: Correctly apply the principles of biosecurity (1.28).
Part of the practice hours are designated to the preparation of mini Power Point lessons on an assigned topic in couple of students, with the subsequent exposure of the lesson, in order to develop communication skills, collecting data and information, correct use of the sources and presentation of what learned.