MONITORING OF THE BIOTIC ADVERSITY

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Academic Year of enrolment:

2020/2021

Optional/Mandatory:

Optional

Degree:

Bachelor's Degree Programme in VITICULTURAL, OENOLOGICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGIES

Language:

Italian

Moduls:

AVVERSITÀ ANIMALI

3 credits
MALATTIE SISTEMICHE

3 credits

Credits:

Programme Year:

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

It is highly recommended that you have followed the lessons in viticulture anc enthomology pathology to better understand the practical monitoring course that represents a completion of the two courses.
In order to take the free course exam, no prerequisites are required but it is strongly suggested to the students to attend the lessons of the viticultural Entomology course, of which this free course represents the completion from a practical-applicative point of view.

AF code:

A000626

Assessment Methods

Verification of learning:

Systemic diseases
In agreement with the students it is proposed a final oral exam that can evaluate the student's preparation
Arthropod and Nematode Pests
At the end of the course the main concepts will be tested with an oral test, to give way to students to expose their preparation

Teaching period

Second semester

Objectives

Systemic adversity
The course aims to take up the notions on a symptomatic, etiological and epidemiological basis concerning virus and phytoplasma diseases in vines, paying particular attention to the practical aspect with field visits, to learn the steps of macroscopic diagnosis and of symptom observation followed from the sampling of plant material suitable for laboratory tests for the application of appropriate techniques for the etiological study and recognition of the pathogen.
Arthropod and Nematode Pests
The main objective of the module "Arthropod and Nematode Pests” of the free course “Monitoring of pests and diseases of grapevine” is to increase the practical expertise of students on the main techniques of monitoring and control of main pests, mites and nematodes that are harmful to the vine in Sardinia. Students will be guided to gain practical experience in order to be able to monitor the main grapevine pests.
The course will be held in close collaboration with the course “Viticultural Entomology” of Prof. Lentini and completes the latter from a practical point of view, as the topics of pest monitoring and control will be thoroughly studied in the field.

Contents

Systemic diseases
1. Topics related to the general characteristics of viruses and phytoplasmas, infectious agents of diseases that can affect various crops and in particular the lives of which will be made a specific description of the main ones present in the wine world and in particular in our region focusing on virosis whose exemption is mandatory in the certified material and those of new indication in the Sardinian viticulture.
2. Macroscopic or field diagnostics with visits to the vineyard allowing direct observation in late spring of symptoms of viral diseases (GFLV, GPGV) and sampling of tissues suitable for the execution of laboratory diagnostic tests (ELISA , RT-PCR, NESTED. Qreal time). Latency and recovery phenomena.
3. Epidemiology: problems related to transmission by grafting and by vectors.
4. Practical execution by students of some of the most used diagnostic techniques suitable for an etiological study of pathogens of an infectious character: enzyme immunoenzymatic type ELISA and biomolecular PCR, RT-PCR, Nested-PCR.
5. Implementation of the virus recovery technique of the meristematic explant combined with micropropagation.
6. The process of genetic-health certification.
Arthropod and Nematode Pests
- Rapid references to the main biotic adversities of the vine in Sardinia, to allow even those students who did not take the viticultural entomology examination to know the framework in which the course will take place.
- General information on nematodes: outline of morphology, anatomy and biology. Nematodes of viticultural interest (cycle, damage, fight). Main monitoring, extraction and control techniques.
- General information on mites: outline of morphology, anatomy and biology. Mites of viticultural interest (cycle, damage, fight).
- Particular attention will be paid to the monitoring techniques (direct and indirect) of the following phytophages: Hemiptera Cicadellidae (Jacobiasca libica, Empoasca vitis, Zygina rhamni) and Pseudococcidi (Planococcus ficus), Lepidoptera Tortricidae (Lobesia botrana) and Piralidae (Cryptoblabes gnidiella). Moreover, the techniques of monitoring of soil nematodes will be applied to potential vectors of vine virosis (Xiphinema sp.) And of mites (Tetranichids and Eriofides).
- Preparation of devices for insect monitoring and placement of traps in the field.
- Direct phytophagous sampling techniques and periodic control of the traps and sampling, carried out directly by the students who will thus acquire skills on the recognition of insects in the field.

Recommended Bibliography

Systemic diseases
Slides shown during the course lessons.
Scientific publications.
"Elements of Plant Pathology" by Giuseppe Belli. Ed. Piccin.
Elements of Plant Virology, by L. Giunchedi, M. Conti, D. Gallitelli, G.P. Martelli. Ed. Piccin
Arthropod and Nematode Pests
The course does not require the use of a reference text, instead will be produced PowerPoint presentations that will be provided to the students. The material provided will be centered on images and practical advice on the means of monitoring and control of the main phytophagous grapevines.

Methods of Provision

Conventional

Teaching Methods

Systemic diseases
Some introductory hours will be devoted to lectures with the help of Power point presentations but mostly practical field exercises will be carried out, for the recognition of the symptoms to formulate a first macroscopic diagnosis of the ampelopathies in the studio, both at the University of Fenosu that in private companies in the province of Oristano. In this way a monitoring and sampling of plant material will be carried out to perform laboratory tests during which some of the most important diagnostic tests will be performed: ELISA; DNA extraction and RT-PCR with relative electrophoretic run.
Arthropod and nematode pests
The course will be held through face to face lecturing in the classroom and, most importantly, in the field. Classes will occur mainly at the experimental farm in Fenosu, which has a classroom equipped with a computer and a projector. Therefore, the farm is an optimal place to present theoretical concept in the classroom and study, from theory to practice, directly the phenomena in the experimental vineyards. In addition, students can collect samples in the field and immediately make observations in the classroom using dissecting microscopes, with perfect synergy of theory and practice. In this way, student/lecturer interactions is maximized, active involvement of students is promoted and direct execution by students of all monitoring and sampling activities, from trap setup to pest identification, is possible.

Contacts/More Information

The teachers are available to receive students, even those in student mobility, who need all the information needed to prepare the exam, subject to agreements made by mail (vprota@uniss.it and acocco@uniss.it).

MONITORING OF THE BIOTIC ADVERSITY

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Course year: 2

Course year: 3

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MONITORING OF THE BIOTIC ADVERSITY