Nephrology:
acute and chronic renal failure, glomerulonephritis, tubulo interstitial nephropathies, acid-base and hydrosaline pathophysiology.
Gastroenterology:
The fundamentals of anatomy, physiology, clinical and instrumental semeiotic, complications, treatment and follow-up of Dyspeptic Sindrome, Peptic Ulcer: NSAIDSs GI toxicity and Helicobacter pylori infection, Constipation, bacterial Overgrowth, Acut and Chronic Pancreatitis, Gallstones disease, Obesity and GI assiciated diseases, and Indications for upper endoscopy will be illustrated.
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLIC DISEASES:
Hypothalamus.pituitary diseases (tumors, hypo- and hyper-function, diabetes
insipidus)
•Thyroid diseases (goiter,noduls,tumors , hypo-hyper-thyroidism, thyroiditis).
•Adrenal diseases (Addison’s disease, pheocromocytoma,hyperaldosteronism )
•Parathyroid diseases (Hypo- hyper-parathyroidism)
•Hypogonadism
•Diabetes mellitus
•Obesity- Dyslipidemia
Gastroenterological Surgery:
Digestive bleeding:
Classification on the basis of anatomic site of bleeding.
Causes of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
Main clinical manifestations on the basis of site of bleeding.
Clinical and instrumental diagnostic procedure.
Medical therapy.
Role of therapeutic endoscopic procedures.
Surgical therapy.
Benign disease of the esophagus:
dyskinesia, achalasia, diverticula.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: symptoms and natural history;
clinical and instrumental diagnosis.
medical treatment.
surgical therapy.
The acute abdomen:
Definition.
Causes of acute abdomen: the occlusive syndromes, peritoneal syndromes, ischemic syndromes.
Symptoms
Physical examination.
Differential diagnoses.
Surgical therapy.
Obstructive jaundice:
Definition.
Main causes of obstructive jaundice.
Diagnostic approach.
Endoscopic and surgical treatment of obstructive jaundice.
Cholelithiasis: definition, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and surgical treatment.
