Chemical, physical and cellular fundamentals of biochemistry. Bioenergetics and Thermodynamics. Biomolecules, Water, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Structure and functions. Cell Membranes, structure and functions. Cell metabolism, redox reactions and energy metabolism. Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, calcium and phosphorus. Saliva and gingival fluid, etiological factors and biochemistry of caries. Cellular signals, receptors and second messengers. Signal transduction pathways, systems and techniques for the study of protein and probe for the study of cellular functions