BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E MICROBIOLOGIA

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Academic Year of enrolment:

2013/2014

Optional/Mandatory:

Compulsory

Degree:

Bachelor's Degree Programme in BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

Moduls:

BACTERIOLOGY

1 credits
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

2 credits
VIROLOGY

1 credits
CLINICAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1

2 credits
VIROLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS

1 credits
MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY

1 credits

Credits:

Programme Year:

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

no prerequisities
no prerequisities
Knowledge of the General characteristics of viruses and the immune response

AF code:

A000313

Assessment Methods

Verification of learning:

Final oral exam
Oral exam
Final oral exam
Oral Exam
Final oral exam
oral examination, ongoing tests

Teaching period

First semester

Objectives

At the end of this course, the student will know the role of biochemical parameters in biological samples, the nucleic acids properties and functions, in particularly the mutations and their consequences on protein function in human disease. The student will be able to know and manage: the role of the biochemical parameters that are the basis of inherited and acquired genetic diseases; the quality control system on the clinical molecular biology methodologies for the assessment of disease susceptibility; on the instrumentation technologies for the biochemical parameters analysis useful for clinical diagnostics, and for the prenatal diagnosis.
At the end of the course, the student will be able to: describe the diagnostic laboratory, according to the main
moments: pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical; to describe the diagnostic significance of the main laboratory
investigations; to know the problems related to the preparation of the patient, the collection and knowledge of the
samples; to describe the principles of analytical measurement in Clinical Biochemistry; to find the meaning and use
of laboratory investigations in connection with diseases of the major organs and systems.
The main objectives of the course are to lead students to the knowledge of the general characteristics, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical syndromes associated with the major human bacterial pathogens.
The main objectives of the course are to lead students to the knowledge of the general characteristics, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical syndromes associated with the major pathogenic parasites.
Upon completion of this course the student should know the main characteristics of viruses, on growth, their virulence and pathogenicity mechanisms and modes of transmission. The student must know the main aspects of host-virus interactions at the molecular level, cellular and organ-apparatus.
Knowledge of general properties of viruses, of the general principles of virus-host interactions, of host defenses, immune-subversion; pathogenic mechanisms; basic antiviral therapeutics; virus evolution and development of pharmacoresistance; basic diagnostics and current technology.
For the main virus family of laboratory interest, knowledge of general properties and cultivation , main aspects of etiopathogenesis, the current diagnostic technology, , as well as the differences in the immunocompetent or immunocompromised host.

Contents

Introduction to the new technologies in the molecular laboratory medicine. From classic genomics to transcriptomics and proteomics. The gene expression: from traditional medicine to translational medicine. The epigentic phenomena: regulation and function of mammalian DNA methylation patterns: a genomic perspective. Methylation profiles of epigenome. Methods to analyze DNA methylation and their functional effects. The Biology of miRNAs: miRNA Analysis Tools, miRNA Target Prediction Tools. Expression Profiling. Identification of Isoforms. Prediction of novel miRNAs. General data analysis workflow of a miRNA next generation sequencing experiment.
Laboratory Approaches to Mapping and Identifying Genes. From mapping to sequences. Biochips and Microarrays
Introduction to Clinical Biochemistry, The biological samples: handling and storage, Analytical and biological
variation, Quality control, Laboratory management.
Function and diagnostic approach of organs and tissues: kidney, heart, liver,
Metabolomics: Glucose metabolism and Lipid Metabolism
General characteristics, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical syndromes associated with:
staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, mycobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria, Vibrio, yersinie, clostridia, chlamydia.
General characteristics, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical syndromes associated with:
intestinal amoebae (Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba coli)
Cryptosporidum parvum
Plasmodium spp.
Giardia intestinalis
Toxoplasma gondii
Trichomonas vaginalis
Leishmania spp.
Trypanosoma spp.
Taenia spp.
Echinococcus granulosus
Enterobius vermicularis
Schistosoma spp
Strongyloides stercoraris

Parasitological diagnosis of stool specimens: collection, transportation, acceptance, microscopic examination, sample concentration, permanent stains
Specimen collection, transport, and storage. Specimen Processing
Diagnostic technologies in clinical Virology:
Molecular Detection and Identification of Virus: PCR, RT PCR, Real Time PCR
Cultivation of viruses in cell cultures, Electron Microscopy, in situ method, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), Fluorescent antibody methods, Neutralization test, Immunoblot test, Agglutination tests. Detection methods of IgG and IgM class antibodies.
Methods for identification of viruses: HIV, Hepatitis, Herpes, Influenza, Parainfluenza, Respiratory Syncytial, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Adenovirus, Enterovirus, Rotavirus, and Other Diarrheic Viruses, Polyomavirus, Papillomavirus.
• General properties of viruses, morphology and structure
• Viral Technology
• Virus effect on the host cell
• Respiratory viruses, influenza and related diagnostics
• Herpesviruses and related diagnostics
• Hepatitis Viruses and related diagnostics
• HIV and related diagnostics

Recommended Bibliography

Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics; Saunders ED
Walker J.M., Rapley R. (eds.) Molecular Biology and Biotechnology . RCS Pub- .
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 5th Edition Edited by John M Walker and Ralph Rapley
G. Antonelli Principi di Microbiologia Medica (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana)
Slides are available on the online Moodle platform
G. Antonelli Principi di Microbiologia Medica (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana)
Slides are available on the online Moodle platform
MICROBIOLOGIA MEDICA Antonelli G, Clementi M, Pozzi G, Rossolini G. M Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
MICROBIOLOGIA MEDICA Murray P.R., Rosenthal K. S, Pfaller M. A. Casa Editrice EMSI
PRINCIPI DI MICROBIOLOGIA MEDICA La Placa Società Editrice ESCULAPIO.
MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY Murray P.R., Baron E.J., Pfaller M.A, Tenover F. C., Yolken RH. ASM Press
Manuale di Virologia Medica, F. Dianzani, G. Antonelli, M.R. Capobianchi.A. Dolei, Ed. McGraw-Hill, 3^ Ediz.
- Virologia. R. Dulbecco, H.S. Ginsberg, Piccin Editore, o la parte di Virologia dell'omonimo libro di Microbiologia
- other materials on request

Teaching Methods

The course consist of the academic lectures and the practical training at the Clinical Biochemistry and Biotechnology laboratory of the Biomedical Sciences Department . Before each practical section, short in-class lectures will illustrate the laboratory experiments (rationale, experimental approach, protocols, data analysis and interpretation).
Practical training at the Clinical Biochemistry and Biotechnology laboratory of the Biomedical Sciences Department . Before each practical section, short in-class lectures will illustrate the laboratory experiments (rationale, experimental approach, protocols, data analysis and interpretation).
beyond face to face lectures, students are divided in small groups to attend practical demonstrations on the main diagnostic methods of clinical Virology
lectures

BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E MICROBIOLOGIA

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