Animal structures and functions (Organ systems: Nutrition, Respiration, Circulatory systems, Excretion, Support and Movement, Sensitivity, Nervous and Hormonal coordination). Reproduction and evolution (sexual and asexual Reproduction, Embryogenesis, Postembryonic development, Development of evolutionary theory, the Wallace-Darwin Theory). The animal kingdom (taxonomy and systematic; animal nomenclature e classification; general characteristics of major Phyla; insect and vertebrate species of Sardinian forests).