Institutional part: economy and society in sixteenth century. Geographical discoveries. Modern state. Wars of Italy. Charles V. Ottoman Empire. Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation. The Age of Philip II. Economic and social profile of the seventeenth century. The English Revolution. Absolutism and the France of Louis XIV. Enlightenment and reform. The independence of the American colonies. The fall of the old regime in France. Napoleonic era. The Industrial Revolution in England. Monographic part: European, African and Native Americans in the Atlantic world: politics, economy, society and religion between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries.