Introduction to ecology. Concept of ecosystem; structure and classification.
Energy and thermodynamic laws, solar radiation; productivity, measure methods, distribution. Decomposition. The overall budget production-decomposition.
Food chain and trophic web; ecological pyramid; universal pattern of energy flow.
Biogeochemical cycles; cycles of carbon, nitrogen, water and phosphorus.
Concept of limiting factors: the law of the minimum and tolerance. Classification of environmental factors and periodicity.
Community structural and functional characteristics; biodiversity; ecotone. Ecological succession, climax. Biogeography of the islands.
Population, structural and functional characteristics. Intraspecific and interspecific competition. Predation.