The origin of the planetary system. Planet formation in concentric layers. The Earth as a system of interacting components. Representation of the earth's surface. Atmosphere. Insolation and temperature. Pressure and air masses. The air humidity. Climate and weather zones. Hydrosphere. Cycles and patterns of the biosphere. Soils and pedogenesis. Landscape and its forms. Internal dynamics. The Earth through time. Wegener's theory to plate tectonics. The mineral components of the rocks. Types of rocks. Erosion and isostatic processes. Preparatory erosion phenomena: alteration and mass movements. The fluvial process. Process of dissolution and karst. The glacial model. The coasts.