ANATOMY A

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Academic Year of enrolment:

2015/2016

Optional/Mandatory:

Compulsory

Degree:

5-year Single Cycle Master's Degree Programme in VETERINARY MEDICINE

Moduls:

APPARATO LOCOMOTORE

2 credits
CYTOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY

4 credits
EMBRYOLOGY

2 credits

Credits:

Programme Year:

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

no prerequisites

AF code:

40001283

Assessment Methods

Verification of learning:

Embryology. The learning of the module will be assessed through a multiple-choice test and a final oral examination.

Cytology and Histology. The learning of the module will be evaluated, for the part related to cytology, by an open written test. The part relating to histology will be assessed by an oral examination after recognizing 2-3 histological preparations.

Anatomy 1. The learning of the module will be assessed through multiple-choice tests and a final oral examination.

Teaching period

First semester

Objectives

The course consists of three units: cytology-histology, embryology and anatomy 1. Aim of the course is to provide the students with the knowledge of embryology, cytology and histology, and musculoskeletal system. In particular, as regards the embryology, the module will focus on the study of the processes that accompany the development of the animal body from the fertilization to birth. The module of cytology and histology will deal with the study of cell morphology and the features of the tissues, that are the principles for the study of the organs. Finally, the module of anatomy 1 will examine the study of bones, joints and muscles that together form the musculoskeletal apparatus of domestic mammals.

Contents

Embryology. Gametogenesis: spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Mitosis and meiosis. Ovulation, fertilization, segmentation and formation of the morula and blastocyst. Formation of the bilaminar and trilaminar germ disk. Origin and formation of the mesoderm and notochord. The ectoderm and its main derivatives. The endoderm and its main derivatives. The mesoderm and its main derivatives. Placenta and fetal membranes: chorion, amnion, allantois, yolk sac, umbilical cord. Structure, function and classification of placentas.

Cytology and Histology. Structure and specializations of the cell membrane, exo- and endocytosis. Endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes. Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes. Cytoskeleton. Mitochondria. Nucleus. Chromosomes. The karyotype. Nucleolus. Nucleic acids and mechanisms of transcription and translation. Epithelial tissues. Connective tissues. Cartilage. Bone. tissue. Osteogenesis. Blood. Lymphatic tissue. Nervous tissue. Synapses. Muscle and the mechanism of contraction.

Anatomy 1. Osteology: morphological features of bones. Recognition of t bones and identification of animal species. Arthrology: morphological and functional classification of joints. Synartrosis, amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis. Myology: general features of muscles: shape, number, location.

Recommended Bibliography

Please, contact the Teachers for texts in foreing languages

Teaching Methods

Embryology. During the module dissections of pregnant uteri and fetuses at different stages of development from different species will be performed. All students will be involved in manual dissection and observation of embryos at the microscope.

Cytology and Histology. During the module practical activities will be performed at the microscope for the recognition of animal tissues. Practical activities will be completed by anatomical dissection to macroscopically recognize animal tissues.

Anatomy 1. During the module practical exercises aimed at recognizing the bones will be performed. In addition, dissections of various animal species will be made in order to recognize the groups of muscles and the main joints.

Contacts/More Information

The slides and other materials used for lectures are available to the students on the online moodle platform.

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ANATOMY A